Russia

Origins and formation

The Russian Empire extended across northern Eurasia from 1721 until the Russian Republic was proclaimed in 1917. Peter the Great turned the tsardom into an empire, fought wars that made Russia a major European power, moved the capital from Moscow to Saint Petersburg, and pushed a cultural revolution toward science and Western models. Catherine the Great, who reigned from 1762 to 1796, continued that modernization and enlarged the state by conquest, colonization, and diplomacy. The published essay under her name is that reign: the coup, the Instruction that did not become a code, and the tightening of serfdom. It is not the whole empire from 1721 to 1917.^[1]

The guide describes imperial Russia as vast across Europe and Asia, luxurious and unequal, artistic, and caught between being part of Europe and a Russian soul. It says the Romanov reign put enlightened absolutism at the center of its ideology, with orthodoxy, autocracy, and nationality, and carried that rule from the Volga basin to eastern Siberia. Those formulas are the guide’s introduction. The empire page used here dates Catherine’s reign and Peter’s capital. It does not, in that passage, define the three-word nationality formula or assign it to her. This essay leaves the formula as the guide’s sentence.^{[1] [4]}

The Hermitage is the point where her reign and the later museum are easy to confuse. The State Hermitage in Saint Petersburg was founded in 1764, when Catherine acquired a collection from the Berlin merchant Johann Ernst Gotzkowsky. The museum marks that day each year on 7 December, Saint Catherine’s Day. It has been open to the public since 1852. The collections, only partly on display, include the Winter Palace, a former imperial residence. The guide’s wonder is the Hermitage, with great-work slots and extra culture in cities that display a great work, and it must be built on tundra. A tundra requirement is a map rule. The founding purchase was in Saint Petersburg in 1764, and the public opening was 1852.^{[2] [4]}

Defining periods

The serf reform is another reign. The emancipation of 1861 was the first and most important of the liberal reforms of Alexander II. It abolished serfdom through the empire. The manifesto freed serfs on private estates and household serfs. The page says more than 23 million people received their liberty, including the rights to marry without consent, to own property, and to own a business. The guide’s tradition Krestyanskaya Reforma raises production and lowers growth. The historical edict is Alexander II’s, decades after Catherine’s death in the chronology of the empire page. Her published essay is where the earlier tightening of serfdom is argued. This page is where the 1861 abolition is dated.^{[1] [3] [4]}

The guide’s ability, Prosveshchenie, adds culture on city quarters, science on quarters in tundra, and food or production on farms, with the tundra towns favored for production. Peter and Catherine are both described as modernizers. Neither sentence on the empire page mentions tundra yields. The geographic file is a capital moved to Saint Petersburg and an empire across northern Eurasia. Tundra as a preferred biome is the game’s reading of that size.^{[1] [4]}

Cossack and Katyusha are the military units. The cossack is cavalry that is stronger in friendly territory. The Katyusha is a siege unit, a rocket launcher with a splash attack. The emancipation page and the Hermitage page do not describe that launcher. This essay does not date the weapon, because those pages do not. It records that a rocket launcher is not the collection bought in 1764 and not the manifesto of 1861.^{[2] [3] [4]}

Legacy and interpretation

Russia’s legacy in this file is an empire with more than one modernizing reign and more than one policy toward serfs. Peter builds a new capital and a European-facing state. Catherine enlarges it and, in her own essay, binds peasants more tightly. Alexander II’s manifesto in 1861 declares the private and household serfs free, on that page’s terms, in numbers above 23 million. The guide can still speak of luxury and inequality in one breath with art. The documents put the art collection in 1764, the public museum in 1852, and the edict in 1861.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The published Catherine essay should be read beside this one and not instead of it. She acquired the pictures. She did not open the museum to the public in 1852, and she did not sign the 1861 manifesto. The civilization called Russia includes her and does not end with her. Further reading runs from this page to that biography, and back, so that a tundra wonder does not become her whole reign.^{[1] [2] [3]}

Obshchina, the guide’s improvement, adds food to every farm in the settlement and culture if it sits on tundra. The emancipation page’s lead does not define the village commune. This essay will not supply that definition from memory. A tile that helps farms is not the text of the manifesto. The manifesto’s subject is the legal status of serfs.^{[3] [4]}

A closer look

General Moroz, Skazki, and Zapadnichestvo are tradition names: winter combat, stories on wonders, and a science-for-culture exchange the guide calls the Westernizer position. The empire page’s account of Peter is the historical Western turn this essay can actually cite: a new capital and a scientific, rationalist, Western-oriented system. A tradition that trades culture for science is a slider. Peter’s policy is a reign. They are not interchangeable sentences.^{[1] [4]}

The Hermitage anniversary is a useful small fact. The museum dates its founding to the 1764 purchase and celebrates it on 7 December. The public has been admitted since 1852. A wonder that fills great-work slots uses the museum’s fame. It skips the gap between a private purchase and a public opening. That gap is most of a century.^[2]

In Civilization VII

The English guide names the ability Prosveshchenie. Traditions include General Moroz, Krestyanskaya Reforma, Skazki, and Zapadnichestvo. The improvement is the Obshchina. There is no unique civilian. The military units are the Cossack and the Katyusha Rocket Launcher. The associated wonder is the Hermitage. The simplified Chinese guide names the same slots in its own words. This essay keeps the English names and does not rewrite them into the Chinese ones. Yields and splash damage stay on the guide.^{[4] [5]}

The accessed guide does not identify an edition. The codex publishes the essay with that gap visible and files the civilization as modern. The published Catherine essay is the empress, not the edict of 1861 and not the public museum of 1852. The first step back from the tundra bonus is to keep 1721, 1764, 1852, 1861, and 1917 in that order.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}