Mexico

Origins and formation

The Cry of Dolores is a dated beginning and not the whole of Mexican politics. On 16 September 1810, in Dolores, the priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla rang a church bell and called for the rising that began the War of Independence. Each year, on the eve of Independence Day, the president repeats the cry from the balcony of the National Palace in Mexico City, using the same bell, naming the dead of the war, and closing with “Viva Mexico.” The guide says that after Napoleon conquered Spain, people saw a chance to build a free society in Mexico, and that the new state then had to face indigenous peoples, Spaniards, and a northern neighbor. Napoleon’s invasion is the guide’s cause. It is not a sentence on the Cry of Dolores page used here. The page gives the priest, the bell, the date, and the annual ceremony.^{[1] [6]}

The city under that ceremony is older than the cry. UNESCO’s account starts with the Aztec capital on an island in Lake Texcoco. The Spanish destroyed Tenochtitlan, drained the lake, and built Mexico City, the capital of New Spain, on the ruins, on a European plan altered by indigenous workers and by the old canals. Independent Mexico kept the capital in the same place and added later styles. The cathedral is named as colonial architecture. The guide’s quarter is the Zócalo, and its buildings include a cathedral and the Portal de Mercaderes. A unique district can borrow the main square. It should not be told as if the square, the colonial cathedral, and Hidalgo’s bell were built in one season.^{[1] [2]}

The northern neighbor in the guide’s introduction has a treaty, not only a border on a map. The National Archives dates the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to February 2, 1848. It ended the war between the United States and Mexico. Mexico ceded 55 percent of its territory, including the lands of present-day California, Nevada, and Utah, most of Arizona and Colorado, and parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, and Wyoming. Mexico relinquished claims to Texas and accepted the Rio Grande as the boundary. The cry of 1810 and the cession of 1848 are 38 years apart. One begins a war of independence. The other ends a later war by giving up the north. A single government called Revolución does not make them one event.^{[1] [3]}

Defining periods

“Order and Progress” is a slogan with a regime attached. The Porfiriato is the name later given to Porfirio Díaz’s rule. He took power in a coup in 1876, governed first inside a constitutional frame, and after 1884, especially once Congress had been reduced to a rubber stamp, ruled as an authoritarian military dictator. The page says he pursued “order and progress,” invited foreign investment, and kept order by force if needed. He had no succession plan as he neared 80 in 1910. The fraudulent election of 1910 is treated as the end of the period. Violence followed, he resigned and went into exile, and a decade of regional civil war is what that page calls the Mexican Revolution. The guide uses Order and Progress as a tradition that adds science. The phrase, on this page, is Díaz’s policy, not a neutral civic motto and not Hidalgo’s cry.^{[4] [6]}

The palace of fine arts shows how far a centennial project can slip. It replaced a late-nineteenth-century national theater demolished in a redesign of the city. A more opulent building was planned for the 1910 centennial of the War of Independence. Adamo Boari began the design and construction in 1904. Soft ground and the politics before and during the Mexican Revolution stopped the work by 1913. Construction resumed in 1932 under Federico Mariscal, finished in 1934, and the building was inaugurated on 29 November 1934. It holds performances and permanent murals. UNESCO’s short synthesis calls the Palace of Fine Arts an example of late nineteenth-century architecture. The construction history places the inauguration in 1934. Both sentences are in the sources. They do not agree on the century. This essay keeps the disagreement instead of picking a single year and calling it settled.^{[2] [5]}

The guide’s wonder is that palace, and its traditions include Muralismo and Corridos as well as the Cry of Dolores and La Reforma. Murals belong to the finished palace’s later life. Corridos are not given a separate history on the pages read here. La Reforma is a tradition name, not a text this essay has opened. The names show a stack: a priest in 1810, a reform tradition, a dictator’s slogan, songs, and murals in a building opened in 1934. The stack is the civilization’s design.^{[5] [6]}

Legacy and interpretation

Mexico’s legacy in these pages is a capital that keeps earlier cities visible and a politics that does not sit still. Tenochtitlan, the colonial city, and independent Mexico occupy one site. The annual cry remembers 1810 from the National Palace. The 1848 treaty draws a boundary by cession. Díaz’s order is a later dictatorship ended by a revolution. The palace planned for 1910 opens in 1934. None of these is a costume for the others. The guide can still call the civilization a cultural power that had to govern difference and face its northern neighbor. That sentence is an introduction. The documents are the differences.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]}

The unique government makes the compression official. Revolución is a government the civilization cannot leave. Its celebrations scale with how happy a settlement is, and tourism follows celebrations. Hidalgo’s rising, the war ended in 1848, and the decade of civil war after Díaz are different conflicts. One locked government is a rule. It is not a finding that Mexico had only one constitutional order from 1810 to 1934.^{[1] [3] [4] [6]}

The random revolucionarios make the same point by name. The guide can produce Hidalgo, Morelos, Guerrero, Juárez, Villa, Zapata, and others, including Amelio Robles Ávila and Petra Herrera. Díaz is not one of those units. Hidalgo’s bell is dated. This essay does not give each later name a biography it has not checked. A random draw is not a cabinet that sat together. Juárez granting a tradition slot, or Zapata adding culture to farms, is a unit ability. It is not the 1876 coup or the 1810 cry.^{[1] [6]}

A closer look

The cathedral and the palace should not be allowed to trade dates. UNESCO calls the cathedral colonial and, in the same synthesis, places the Palace of Fine Arts in the late nineteenth century. The palace’s construction article starts Boari in 1904 and ends the inauguration in 1934. A player who builds both a Catedral and the Palacio de Bellas Artes is building two game objects. Historically, one belongs to the city raised on Tenochtitlan, and the other is a centennial project that the revolution interrupted. The game’s adjacency bonuses do not record the interruption.^{[2] [5] [6]}

The soldaderas are the military unit, described on the guide as infantry who help adjacent units. The Cry of Dolores page does not describe that unit, and the Porfiriato page does not either. Women who fought in the later revolution are a subject of their own. This essay will not summarize that subject from a unit tooltip. It is enough that a unique infantry unit is not the bell of 1810.^{[1] [6]}

In Civilization VII

The English guide names the ability Revolución and makes it a government the civilization cannot exchange. Traditions include Campesinos, Corridos, Cry of Dolores, La Reforma, Muralismo, and Order and Progress. The quarter is the Zócalo. The buildings are the Catedral and the Portal de Mercaderes. The civilian is the Revolucionario, the military unit is the Soldaderas, and the associated wonder is the Palacio de Bellas Artes. The simplified Chinese guide names the same slots in its own words. This essay keeps the English names and does not rewrite them into the Chinese ones. Happiness and culture numbers stay on the guide.^{[6] [7]}

The accessed guide does not identify an edition. The codex publishes the essay with that gap visible and files the civilization as modern. No published leader essay belongs to this civilization, so none is linked. The first step back from the locked government is to keep 16 September 1810, 2 February 1848, the coup of 1876, and the inauguration of 29 November 1934, as four dates.^{[1] [3] [4] [5] [6]}