Australia

Origins and formation

The federation of Australia united six separate British self-governing colonies into the Commonwealth of Australia. They were New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, which also governed what is now the Northern Territory, Tasmania, Victoria, and Western Australia. Fiji and New Zealand were part of the earlier process and decided not to join. The Constitution came into force on 1 January 1901, and the colonies became states. A prime minister who takes office in 1941 does not found that Commonwealth.²

Defining periods

John Curtin lived from 8 January 1885 to 5 July 1945. He was the 14th prime minister, from 1941 until his death, as leader of the Australian Labor Party, and he led the country through most of the Second World War, including all but the last few weeks of the Pacific War. He left school at 13, joined the labour movement in Melbourne, and was state secretary of the Timberworkers’ Union in 1911 and federal president in 1914. He led the No campaign in the 1916 conscription referendum and was briefly jailed for refusing a compulsory medical examination. The lead breaks off as he moves to Perth. This essay does not invent the missing year. No Civilization VII essay covers Australia, so none is linked.¹

Leaders

The English hub and the Chinese hub both list an Australia Civilization and Scenario Pack among the add-ons included in the Anthology. That sentence names the civilization and the pack. It does not name Curtin. The update notes mention Australia only as a coast start bias. They do not name him either. The Chinese form of his name in this essay is the standard reading. His pack is the same scenario pack as the civilization, because the hub assigns the civilization to that pack and the retrieved pages do not add a second Australian leader.^{3 4 5}

Legacy and interpretation

Federation’s legacy is a commonwealth of six colonies that became states on 1 January 1901. Curtin’s legacy is a wartime ministry from 1941 to 1945. Putting his face on the civilization joins a Second World War prime minister to a federation that already existed. The dates are the reason to keep 1901 and 1941 apart. Fiji and New Zealand, which stayed out, are not Australian states in this lead.^{1 2}

A closer look

The update’s Australia line changes a coastal start bias. It is a balance note. This essay does not copy a tier. A start bias is not the Constitution of 1901 and not the Pacific War. Fiji and New Zealand stayed outside the Commonwealth in this same lead as well.⁵

In Civilization VI

The civilization is the scenario pack named on the hub. Curtin’s Chinese name is a standard reading. Keep 1 January 1901, the ministry from 1941, and the death on 5 July 1945 apart.^{1 2 3}