Mongolia

Origins and formation

The Mongol Empire was the largest contiguous empire in history. It began in what is now Mongolia and, at its height, stretched from the Sea of Japan toward Eastern Europe, north into Siberia, and south and east into the Indian subcontinent, with invasions of Southeast Asia and the conquest of the Iranian plateau, west as far as the Levant and the Carpathians. The empire emerged from the unification of several steppe peoples. A game civilization named Mongolia is that unification and the conquests that followed. It is not one city.¹

Defining periods

Genghis Khan was born Temujin, about 1162, and died on 18 or 25 August 1227. The biography allows a birth range from 1155 to 1167. He was the eldest child of Yesugei, a Borjigin chieftain, and Hoelun. He spent most of his life uniting the tribes and then campaigned through large parts of China and Central Asia. He was the founder and first khan. Kublai, his grandson, was born on 23 September 1215 and died on 18 February 1294. He was almost twelve when Genghis died. He proclaimed the Great Yuan in 1271 and ruled Yuan China until his own death. The founder and the emperor of China are two generations. The published Civilization VII Mongolia essay is the empire. The published Genghis essay is the founder. This page holds both game leaders.^{1 2 3}

Leaders

The English hub says Genghis Khan’s Mongolia enters with Rise and Fall, along with Robert the Bruce’s Scotland and six other civilizations it does not name. The Chinese hub uses the same pair. Kublai is named on the Vietnam pack as an alternate leader of China or Mongolia. Playing him as Mongolia requires Rise and Fall. The China option on that page does not repeat the requirement. Two leaders, two packs. Kublai is not a second Genghis, and the Yuan proclamation of 1271 is not the unification of the tribes.^{4 5}

Legacy and interpretation

The empire’s legacy in the lead is scale: one contiguous realm from the Pacific edge toward Europe. Genghis’s legacy is the unification and the first campaigns. Kublai’s legacy is a Chinese dynasty with a Mongol ruling house. The game can switch the same Kublai entry between China and Mongolia. That switch is a roster rule. It does not make the Yuan and the steppe federation the same capital.^{1 2 3}

A closer look

The Vietnam page describes Kublai’s trade-post ability and a separate Mongolia line about diplomatic visibility and military and religious strength. Those are design sentences. This essay does not copy the amounts. A trade post is not the proclamation of 1271.⁵

In Civilization VI

The civilization is Rise and Fall, because the hub names it there. Kublai is New Frontier Pass, and the Mongolia seat requires the earlier expansion. The published Civilization VII essays are the counterparts. Keep Temujin’s death in August 1227, the Yuan name of 1271, and Kublai’s death on 18 February 1294 apart.^{2 3 4 5}